Killer whales
of the Northwest Atlantic

Did you know that orcas — also called killer whales — live in our waters? Long thought to be rare in eastern Canada, they are now being spotted more frequently in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near Newfoundland, Labrador, and the Maritimes. The Morissette Lab is currently conducting a research project to better understand their presence, behavior, and the threats they face.

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What is an orca?

The orca (Orcinus orca) is a marine mammal from the dolphin family. Majestic, intelligent, and powerful, it can grow up to 9 meters (30 feet) long and weigh as much as a van. Orcas live in tight-knit groups, communicate through sound, and hunt cooperatively — like wolves of the sea.

 

Fun facts:

• Orcas have different dialects depending on the group.

• Females usually lead the family.

• They can live for over 80 years.

• Each group has unique hunting traditions — like cultural differences!

• Their blow can be heard from over 300 meters away.

• They can reach speeds of up to 56 km/h (35 mph).

Do we have orcas in eastern Canada?

We often hear about orcas on the Pacific Coast, but Atlantic orcas remain mysterious. Yet they are here: recent sightings confirm their presence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Researchers at the Morissette Lab are tracking individuals to learn who they are, what they eat (minke whales, porpoises, seals…), and how they use our marine territory.

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Are they dangerous?

No. There have been no incidents involving orcas and humans in our region. In the Northwest Atlantic, orcas are typically curious but cautious, and they avoid human interaction. However, like all wild animals, they deserve space and respect.

📏 Important reminder: In Canada, it is illegal to approach within 400 meters of an orca in the Northwest Atlantic.

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How to recognize an orca

• Large triangular black dorsal fin, up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) tall in males.

• White patch behind the fin.

• Black back, white belly.

• Calves and juveniles are often lighter gray.

• Females have a more curved fin.

Why protect them?

Orcas face many threats:

• Underwater noise pollution from ships,

• Declining prey availability,

• Toxic contaminants that accumulate in their fat.

In Atlantic Canada, these animals are still poorly understood and not well protected. By documenting their presence, we can develop better conservation strategies.

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Citizen science: get involved!

This project relies on collaboration between scientists and the public. Every sighting, photo, or report you send helps us better understand these marine giants — and how to live alongside them.